Time Series
Build historical trends across census years (1861, 1871, 1881, 1901, 1911, 1921, 1931, 1936, 1951, 1961, 1971). Pick a geographic level — national, macro-area, region, individual provinces, or the 13 largest cities — then choose an indicator. Ratio indices are recomputed from aggregated counts, so they remain comparable across geographies.
Reading the city level. Cities are the comune of each capoluogo, not its province, and they cover 10 of the 11 census years — only 1861 is missing, because that census never published an age breakdown below the province. Note also that 1871–1931 counts the present population (de facto) while 1936–1971 counts the resident population: the step between 1931 and 1936 partly reflects that change of concept, not only real change.